How climate change could impact your pet’s health – and what you can do about it

Global warming is a challenge that affects every creature sharing our planet. From increasingly extreme temperatures to frequent natural disasters and widespread droughts impacting much of Spain’s agriculture, the effects of climate change are becoming ever more present in our daily lives.

As people, we tend to find ways to stay cool or protect our homes from flooding. But what about our pets? It’s easy to overlook how environmental changes may impact their health and wellbeing.

So, how exactly does climate change affect your dog, cat, fish or bird? And what can you do to protect them? Here’s how to help your pet avoid the consequences of a warming world.

Consequences of climate change on pets

Even if it seems far removed, shifting seasonal patterns disrupt entire ecosystems — and that includes our pets. Imbalances in temperature affect their biological rhythms and contribute to a surge in parasites.

In fact, humans tend to cope far better with climatic changes than animals do. Below, we outline some of the key risks climate change poses to your pets — and what you can do to keep them safe.

Increase in parasites and insects

Higher temperatures encourage parasite colonies to thrive. Around 83% of veterinarians agree that pet health is negatively impacted by climate change.

Warm conditions extend the lifespan of fleas and ticks and allow them to form larger colonies. The same goes for mosquitoes in stagnant water, as well as parasites like heartworm or intestinal worms, which can lodge in your pet’s organs and cause serious illness.

Parasite bites can be more than just a nuisance — they may transmit dangerous diseases. For example, ticks carry Lyme disease, which can cause arthritis and fever. Leishmaniasis, spread by mosquitoes in Mediterranean regions, can lead to chronic health issues.

Birds such as canaries and parakeets are also vulnerable to intestinal worms, especially in warmer months. If you notice small white spots in their droppings, speak to your vet.

Tip: Book regular vet appointments to deworm your pet, especially during warmer months when parasite activity is at its peak. Use preventative treatments like drops or repellent collars.

Respiratory system problems

Urban pollution combined with temperature fluctuations can weaken your pet’s respiratory system. This may lead to issues such as pharyngitis, laryngitis, kennel cough or pneumonia — especially in dogs.

How to prevent them: Avoid abrupt changes in temperature and, during colder months, make sure your pet is well protected when going outside. If your dog gets wet in the rain, dry them off thoroughly — a waterproof coat can help too.

Changes to the fertile period

Unstable climates can disrupt reproductive cycles. Female cats, for instance, typically go into heat in spring, summer and autumn, but warmer temperatures may now extend this period.

Advice: When your cat is in heat, clean her litter box frequently and give her extra affection — she’ll likely crave it.

Heat stroke

Have you heard of heat stroke in dogs? With increasingly hot summers, pets may struggle to regulate their body temperature.

Watch out for signs such as:

• Excessive panting
• Difficulty walking or disorientation
• Blue gums or tongue
• Thick or altered saliva

And it’s not just dogs — rabbits and rodents are especially sensitive to high temperatures. Their fur keeps them warm in winter but makes them vulnerable to overheating. Temperatures above 27–30ºC can be dangerous, especially for pregnant females.

Coat and feather problems

Most dogs and cats shed their coats during summer and autumn. However, shifting seasons may cause them to shed more frequently or irregularly.

Birds may also moult irregularly due to climate stress, resulting in bald spots and discomfort. You may also notice changes in their behaviour or song.

Hibernation difficulties

Some reptiles, like tortoises, struggle to hibernate properly in warmer winters. This can lead to lethargy and a lack of appetite, potentially resulting in starvation.

Rodents may also attempt to hibernate if temperatures drop significantly — even though they’re indoor pets.

Tip: If your hamster or guinea pig starts hibernating, the room may be too cold. Gently rub them to warm them up — they should become active again within 3–4 hours. Always keep the temperature above 15ºC.

Bacteria in aquariums

Fish are highly sensitive to water temperature. Higher temperatures can raise their metabolism and cause waste to build up, increasing the risk of infections.

Did you know? Tropical fish prefer 25ºC, while reef fish are happier around 24ºC.

Avoid this: Don’t use ice or cold water to cool the tank — sudden temperature changes are harmful. Instead, shade the tank from direct sunlight.

Pet safety tips

Keep your pets healthy and safe all year round with these quick tips:

• Microchip your pet. It’s mandatory for domestic animals in Spain and helps you find them if they go missing.
• Secure your rubbish bins. Spoiled food in hot weather can make your pet seriously ill.
• Store plastic bags safely. These can pose a choking hazard to curious pets.
• Protect them from the cold. Fish and reptiles are especially sensitive — consider a water heater for aquariums.
• Deworm regularly. Follow a schedule tailored to your pet’s species and lifestyle.
• Use safe collars. Choose approved designs that don’t irritate the skin or pose choking risks. Avoid bells on cats — their hearing is highly sensitive.
• Enhance bird cages. Add perches and enrichment toys but avoid placing them too high or too close to food and water.

Adapting to Spain’s climate is part of daily life for many expatriates – and the same goes for our pets. By staying informed and making a few simple adjustments, you can help your pet stay comfortable and healthy, no matter what the weather brings.

Want more practical tips to care for your pet? Take a look at other articles on our blog, such as Thinking about travelling with your pet?

Worried about how climate change might affect your pet?

At Generali Expatriates, we understand that pets are part of the family — and keeping them safe is just as important as protecting your home or car. That’s why we offer flexible pet insurance designed to give you confidence and peace of mind, wherever life in Spain takes you.

From vet fees to emergency boarding and lost pet assistance, our cover is there when it matters most — so you can focus on enjoying life in Spain with your pet by your side.

Want expert advice?

Our network of over 200 expat brokers and agents across Spain is ready to help you find the best protection for your furry (or feathered!) friend.

Find your local broker or agent here or request a quote now.